See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-er" }, "expansion": "English: -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -er" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-ar" }, "expansion": "Scots: -ar", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -ar" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "inh", "3": "ang>-ere>agent suffix", "id": "agent suffix" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymon" }, { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ere", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old English -ere", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ere" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ere", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-ārī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-ārijaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-er", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "spinnen + -er → spynner", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs" ], "id": "en--er-enm-suffix-hoyLMsQ5", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "-are" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "-ere" } ], "word": "-er" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-er" }, "expansion": "English: -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -er" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-ar", "3": "-er" }, "expansion": "Scots: -ar, -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -ar, -er" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ware", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old English -ware", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ware" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ware", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*warjaz", "4": "", "5": "dwellers of" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "-āri", "t": "inhabitants of" }, "expansion": "Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ware, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”). Cognate with Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-er", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "43 57", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "London + -er → Londoner", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "forms demonyms from place names" ], "id": "en--er-enm-suffix-hZjgH3Sz", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "-are" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "-ere" } ], "word": "-er" }
{ "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English noun-forming suffixes", "Middle English suffixes", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 33 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-er" }, "expansion": "English: -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -er" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-ar" }, "expansion": "Scots: -ar", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -ar" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "inh", "3": "ang>-ere>agent suffix", "id": "agent suffix" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymon" }, { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ere", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old English -ere", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ere" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ere", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-ārī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-ārijaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-er", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "spinnen + -er → spynner", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs" ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "-are" }, { "word": "-ere" } ], "word": "-er" } { "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English suffixes", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 33 entries", "Pages with entries", "Pages with raw sortkeys" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-er" }, "expansion": "English: -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -er" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-ar", "3": "-er" }, "expansion": "Scots: -ar, -er", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -ar, -er" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ware", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old English -ware", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "-ware" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ware", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*warjaz", "4": "", "5": "dwellers of" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "-āri", "t": "inhabitants of" }, "expansion": "Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ware, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”). Cognate with Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-er", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "London + -er → Londoner", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "forms demonyms from place names" ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "-are" }, { "word": "-ere" } ], "word": "-er" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.